Personal Philosophy of Education Essay Example for Free

Personal Philosophy of Education EssayEducation is an grand part of growth of the singular. Education can mean a lot of things. One of the definitions of procreation is the experience of the individual acquire and gaining knowledge while wrong the structured educational system. Today, one of the strongest beliefs when it comes to education is that learning starts during the early childhood years of the individual. Because of that, education philosophies have strongly revolved around this particular idea.This in turn has created many different perspectives and ideas in learning and education. The three important aspects of this school of thought on education are hinged on the consideration of children, teaching and learning. Generally, the philosophy is closely the belief that children should be exposed to learning with focus on two different areas as soon as they are in the get on with fit for school-based learning. This usually ranges from five to seven years old onward s, depending on the mental, emotional and psycho system of logical disposition of the individual.This philosophy of education puts important consideration to the differences among individual children. This means younger children already fit for structured learning is non discouraged from starting even at a younger age. Those who are not yet fully ready are not discouraged either but will be the target of additional stimulation to be at par with the capabilities of those who are in the same age bracket as the child is. This philosophy in education is inspired by the Montessori Method.The belief of this method acting is that the children all possess natural inner guides inside them. The structured academic learning experience tho acts as a means to provide for somatic and additional assistance to the children as they learn by themselves through their instincts, something that the creator of the Montessori approach recognized through observation. Montessori geted a new philosophy o f education based upon the intuitive observation of children (Lillard, 1988, p. 29). In using the Montessori approach to creating the philosophy of education, the approach and perspective towards learning is strongly influenced by the ideals of Montessori approach. Examples are the treatment in learning, its ideas about children and the role of school and education, etc. , using the Montessori results in the consideration and inclusion of the learning theories that this particular approach entails. In this paradigm of teaching style and educational philosophy, the teacher takes the role of the mature overseer.In realization of the ability of the children to naturally learn via their experiences in the environment, the teacher touch ons sure that children are placed in an environment free from obstacles that could hamper, hinder, impair or impact negatively their learning experience. This approach is more focused on preparing the environment wherein the children are, for most of t he time, left to their let devices to learn via experiential processes, and, when necessary providing the necessary and sufficient intervention.The philosophy of education is focused on the belief that what the children need to learn (in communication, in mathematics, in logic development, in interpersonal skills, and in other academic and non-academic components of child education) can be found in the childs experiential learning in a controlled environment where the learning experience has the potential to reach its optimum growth and development.The philosophy of education in this particular condition puts importance in the instincts of the child, in the perspiration to encourage the children to develop their instincts and to not put a stupor on such natural capacity which is crucial and important for long term learning. situation on Children This philosophy of education sees children as individuals who are created with the natural ability for learning.However, because of thei r lack of experience as well as necessary knowledge to make themselves fully cap subject and full developed individuals, they need to undergo educational experience beginning at their young years. Children is viewed not as individuals who need to be spoon-fed with things that can improve their own knowledge and skill tempered. Rather, they are individuals who need to be guided especially in their learning stages so that they can develop as capable, competent, learned and mature individuals in the future.Children are not viewed as entities that are commanded to follow. Rather, they are individuals whose own self compass is sufficient for them to move in the direction they need and want to since they are created with the natural tendencies for learning and knowledge development. They are not robots with minds that are like computers programs that can be tweaked, altered and changed depending on the perspective and disposition of the educational institution.On the other hand, the main responsibility of the school and its teachers is to make sure that each of the autonomous and independent minds be able to grow and develop towards each individuals own complex and unique entity. Children are individuals who are sufficiently equipped, physiologically, but nonetheless requires intervention if only for the sake of maximizing, harnessing and developing the potential that each child has. Perspective in Teaching The teacher or teaching component of this philosophy of education is about the role of teachers and the teaching process as a tool.It guides and provides necessary intervention sufficient enough to guide the children into learning and knowledge building but not excessive enough to dictate the educational experience and the learning process of the child. This is considering the fact that the child is depended upon to use his/her natural instincts for learning. Perspective in Learning The learning perspective of this philosophy in education revolves around the cen tral idea that learning is something that is natural to an individual, something that he or she experiences even when the individual is at his or her very young age.In this philosophy of education, learning is something that should be experienced by the child by allowing the child to interact with his or her environment, the creation and set up of which is a result of the conscious effort of the teacher and the school. Learning is something that comes naturally. Learning results to knowledge and information set in an individual to which the school and the teacher has a strong influence on, especially in guaranteeing the absorption of information that the child needs to know during the learning process.Reference Lillard, P. P. (1988). Montessori A Modern Approach. fresh York Schocken Books.

A Great Global Warming Swindle Essay Example for Free

A Great international Warming Swindle EssayA Great Global Warming Swindle was a docuwork forcetary which implied that the increase in the list of atmospheric carbon dioxide was not the cause of the increase in temperature. It states otherwise the change magnitude amount of carbon dioxide is itself the result of the rising temperature. Generally, the infotainment asserts that man-made global warming is a lie. Before our film showing, I have already watched Al Gores An Inconvenient Truth twice. A Great Global Warming Swindle presented a whole lot different view and it quite made things a little bit confusing. I used to be a hundred and one percent sure that global warming is thence mainly caused by the increased amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere but after watching the documentary, well it changes things because ideas get mixed up. And now, I am being presented both ideas which ar contradicting each other. Based on my own understanding and knowledge about the ide a, I strongly believe that carbon dioxide plays a major role in the currently rapid increase of global temperature.As far as I could remember, since elementary it has al personal manners been discussed in my perception class that greenhouse gasses cause global warming and that carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. It has been like that for like forever? My mother told me once that one eon when she went to Baguio, snow fell. I really dont know if she was telling the truth but being a child, I believed her. When she told me that story, I guess I was 5 years old. During those times, going out in the sun during 9 oclock in the morning is still safe and it wont bring you any harm. The suns rays were still friendly.Comparing those times to the present time, one would note that there were lesser vehicles electricity was not a major major commodity we have more trees and forests deforestation and kaingin were not that rampant generally, we were living a simple, eco-friendly and less innovat ive kind of life. Nowadays, our way of life has improved but it had adverse effects. The one that has been greatly affected was the environment. As our way of living continues to improve, so does the temperature. The temperature improves in the way that it continues increasing.As men find ways in improving their way of living, they intentionally and unintentionally destroy the environment the increase in global temperature seems to go with it. Basing on what is calamity today and on what had happened, it seems very logical that global warming may really be man-made. It seems to be caused greatly by mans activities. domain has been destroying the Earth and global warming is one of the indicators that it is indeed in the verge of destruction.But the point of A Great Global Warming Swindle is that the amount of water desiccation in the atmosphere is much greater than the amount of carbon dioxide. So what? you may ask. It matters because, as a matter of fact, water vapor itself is a greenhouse gas. This somehow piqued my curiosity. Was I wrong for believing that global warming is man-made? To feed mans curiosity there are two things, among all innovations and inventions, that were proven to be very helpful research and the internet. Though research in high school has deprived me of one factor essential in a persons biological growth that is sleep I did a little of it to support my stand by basing on the opinions of others.Here is a summary of what I have read from different sources Although the documentary was welcomed by global warming skeptics, it was criticized by scientific organizations and individual scientists (including two of the films contributors). The films critics argued that it had misused and fabricated data, relied on out-of-date research, employed misleading arguments, and misrepresented the position of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Wikipedia. ) they completely misrepresented me. My views were distorted by the context in which they placed them.I was misled as to what it was going to be about. I was told about six months ago that this was to be a design about how complicated it is to understand what is going on. If they had told me even the title of the programme, I would have absolutely refused to be on it. I am the one who has been swindled (Professor Carl Wunsch, saturated Propaganda The Great Global Warming. ) In other words, CO2 does not initiate the warmings, but acts as an amplifier once they are underway. (Professor Severinghaus, Pure Propaganda The Great Global Warming. ) agree to some, the documentary might have wrongly presented or misinterpreted the ideas of the scientists and the data they have gathered. They might have spread absurd arguments and have caused great confusion, especially to the viewers. To others, the documentary might have been enlightenment to what is really happening. But in the end, it is up for us to choose which side we are going to believe. It does not matt er if you are the only one who seems to have a different view compared to others. Always remember, there are no wrong opinions only those that oppose everyone elses.

Role of a Manager in an Organization

Role of a Manager in an cheekIntroductionDescribing the role of a coach-and-four in a typical organization. The ethical role for a manager has benefits and consequences of requiring that employees use proper time management performing big hours and adding extensive lead time to their careers is essential to the lying-ins of a productive manager. When an employee enters into an agreement or contract at the time of employment in which the requirements for employment are stated cash in ones chips and concise then the employment contract is mutually agree to. As long as the tasks or duties of both parties that are involved to maintain this paying position are upfront, then the terms of the contract are valid on the actual starting hire date which is the beginning of a managers duties with the prospected employee. like a shot most job agreements that are considered to be mutually agreed upon are by the employer and employee in having the rights to end the employment agreement when they wish. Because of this type of employment, both parties nookie choose more suitable agreeable arrangements or terminate employment if disagreements arise without conflicts. (Jones, G. R. George, J. M. 2011)The Role of a Manager in a Typical OrganizationHe/She should be good at organizing, staffing, directing, in communication and control. First and foremost the logic of group formation. Second, be informative, monitoring, being a non-discriminator not claustrophobic to be a spokesperson. This person could perform the different activities, without limitations. This manager should be a big(p) figurehead, leader, liaison, and would be physically able to do everyones position below them with intellect and skill. Third reason is efficiency and conservativeness being an Entrepreneur, Disturbance handler, Resource allocator, and Negotiator. Managers control short term goals and the day to day tasks of an organization, as opposed to the long term strategy. He/She should fully prot ect his team mates. If anything goes wrong he should shoulder the responsibility. (Pieters R.G.M., Van Raaij W.F. 1988)To explain the role of organizational learning and creativity and how it p come ins in helping managers to improve their decisions is essential to every business. I was Team leader which was a lower management position under the several managers at Sony. When I worked as a customer service representative for Sony as an Informational Consultant to the consumer in answering the phones about trouble shooting issues with Sonys electronic products I appoint to every employee under me a journal packet (my idea). This packet was to assist the employee in noting all issues they have encountered that were or are difficult to solve over the phones. Every Friday at the end of the day for one hour the employees assigned to me, as team leader, had a contact of the minds. We went over all notes for the past week. more or less of the meetings alone lasted 20 to 30 minutes bec ause we stayed on top of needed misinformed regulations in operating the companies sold electronics. Every month the team leaders had their meeting of the minds with our managers. We did the same things as we the team leaders did with our assigned employees. This process allowed the much needed information to reach the top players in Sony that developed new technology. to boot this type of company communication was the back bone to new implemented policies that allowed employees to perform their respected positions efficiently. I could go on and tell you the aspects of how Sony operates internally alone all employees sign an agreement to prevent vital company information that could be employ by the competition. Customer Service was Sonys best defense against the hot dog eat dog introduction in business. Much of all of Sonys ideas are from the employee and their creativeness. All of the employees are encouraged to pay close attention to every bang that they encounter from the co nsumer. It is the consumers complaints that help Sony stay competitive with better technology and customer service.It is the same for managers when hiring employees looking for gainful employment which is similar to buying a used car. When a perspective employee applies for the job which they are seeking they must take the good with the bad in order to be hired. All business owners lay out the job duties for the manager prior to the initial hire date that is agreed upon. Additionally the employer also gives a brief summery of what the training entails liberal the manager and the employee an example of what they are in for while they work for the corporation, like that first test drive prior to buying that use car as is. Of course there are unseen variables that we all encounter in any thing we do and this is where the employer tests the employee to see if they are mentally capable in performing their perspective position that they pass on be hired for. This is the financing side o f the purchase from the used car dealer to make sure you use just drive off with their vehicle and not pay for it. This is also considered as the background check and the credit check verifying the new employees reliableness or reliability ethics which are the tasks of the manager. This is where the obligations of a manager or employer come into play enabling employees to create a balanced professional and insular lifestyle while working for their corporation.Fitting the Four Functions of Management in a Good ManagerPlanning Identifying and selecting suitable goals which is a principal task of management. (pg.8) This is when a organized outline of ideas and ideals that are appropriate and ethical are decided on that will have a lucky result in the work start bringing productivity and profit.Organizing Structuring working relationships so members of an organization can work together to reach or attain organizational goals this is other principal task of management. (pg. 9)This i s when policy is put into action using that planned outline of ideas and ideals that are appropriate and ethical that are decided on that will have a successful result in the work place assigning the tasks to those that will bringing productivity and profit.Leading Expressing an idea or view fluently and coherently in a clear vision, energizing and enabling organizational members so that they dont misrepresent the part they play in attaining organizational goals another(prenominal) principal task of management. (pg.10)This is when all that planning and organization that was put into action is being filtered down to those with leadership qualities to train those that will implement a successful result in the work place bringing productivity and profit with professional ethical customer service.Controlling Forming an idea of the amount, number, or value of how swell up an organization is reaching its goals and taking appropriate action to maintain or improve performance another prin cipal tasks of management. (pg.10)This is where all the recorded successful results that were performed in the work place are brought to, to evaluate the productivity and profit with professional ethical customer service to improve the areas that need attention bringing incoming policies that will positively foster the growth of the business for many more years of professional service.The reliability of the manager is to perform promised services showing faithfully and accurately proving responsiveness with the willingness and readiness to provide prompt service to the company and the employee. Competence is a trait for a manager in business that is to give birth up-to-date friendship and skills performing the services with access giving that approachability and ease of contact of service to personnel. A manager must have salient customer service that comes with Courtesy in politeness, consideration, and friendliness of service personnel. Business Communication is in retention employees and customers informed listening to everyone checking out their Credibility and trustiness of their complaints knowing if they are believable and being honest about the issues of the product or situation in question. The manager should foresee the security and freedoms of the company keeping them from danger, risk, or doubt which is essential in understanding and knowing the employees and customers needs. Which in conclusion the physical evidence of service of a manager towards the company and the consumer only become tangible when the results show profitable value. When Efficiency, Quality, Essential character, Innovation, and Customer responsiveness is positive then do you see the Competitive advantage of a great manager.A manager should also have a concept of diversity which is imperative in the workplace because a diverse staff that has different backgrounds, experiences, knowledge and understanding could have different perspectives on the services provided. Flexible managers in a diverse workplace are should be better at firmness the companies troubling issues and implementing new ideas and policies because there are diversified cultures that are able to come up with the needed solutions and ideas internally in the company. (Jones George, 2011, p. 98). The definition of diversity is concourse of different age, sex, race, culture, religion, sexual orientation, also those backgrounds concerned with the interaction of social and economic factors, and capabilities/disabilities the state of being diverse variety. (Oxford Dictionary 2010) A Diverse work place keeps life interesting. If our friends are like us, We have a better chance at knowing what we and our friends think, especially when they work under us. If we mix it up a little, we might come to different conclusions. The world is full of different cultures especially America, all of whom have various needs, desires, wants, and demands. The legal environment must politically square up to respond to these, functionally and orderly in society. Beyond that, this country has all sorts of economic issues, all of which, sooner or later become the concern of the employer and the law. This is wherefore managers must be aware of issues like globalization which is necessary for businesses to be competitive to ensure stable revenues and profits. History tells the story of why we as a people reached out to other countries in the first place. America became great because other countries needed our resources like steel, wheat, rice and electronics. Japan had nothing until WE gave it to them. This goes for the rest of the world too. The English and Americans have always dominated the free market in business because of the superior Ideals of Americas forefathers that fought for, what we call today, FREEDOM. This is why America has the reputation of being the thaw pot of the world.

Dominos Pizza: A Crisis Management Case

Dominos Pizza A Crisis Management CaseJosefina VasquezAccording to (PRSA, 2009), in 2009, the order Dominos pizza see a tremendous PR crisis because of a couple of their employees. In fact, in a restaurants kitchen, in a slow litigateing day, the dickens of them, with the employee uniforms, contaminated around food ingredients and then placed them onto sandwiches and pizza they recorded a video and later posted it on YouTube. This video reached more than one million views in just three days because it became viral. The company realized that social media has the power to turn small incidents into huge food marketplaceing crises.This is a real case precise interesting to analyze from the point of view of public relations and ethics. Because something simple could be the cause of the failure or success of monumental companies, and what would construct the loss are the decisions taken in crises. In this review, we will be looking at this case from the point of view of the publ ic relations professional and the respectable bases and how this addresses companies direction.Dominos Pizza A Crisis Management CaseAccording to (PRSA, 2009), the vice president, the communication team and the rest of Dominos corporate members sooner became awarfaree of this situation. The scratch line reaction was anger, but they channe direct into action. The company proceeded to intercept the store, the authors of the video, took away the videos, and the company pressed charges against them. One of the first actions was to find out if the contaminated food was finally delivered to a client, fortunately, it was not. Domino has had the plan to introduce the company to Facebook, Twitter and some other social media sites by 2009 just before the crisis, but they did it during the crisis in order to cash in ones chips with the active core audience. The CEO decided to the response by YouTube instead of distributing a press release because even at a million views, they belief there were 307 million people in America, so they focused on that audience. They received criticism from the media during the first twenty-four hours, because people thought that they were not doing anything approximately it. The company infrastood that the most important thing was to keep the companys credibility with customers. Dominos pizza learned that is so important to keep in position with media web community all times. (Randallreilly.com, 2015) stated that the company listened to their audience and later they admitted that their product was awful, so that, they started a campaign called Pizza Turnaround, in order to feel a go at it the problems they were facing and reinvent their pizza, this along with an extensive media coverage, documentaries, promotions, advertising, etc.Problem Statement.The companys PR team seemd an important challenge. The company had a disadvantageous place ascribable to the lack of presence on social networks. Dominos faced the dilemma of obviating persons opinion by denying, and only focus on defending their tick off or putting on the customers side and reinforcing their product. This crisis could have undermined this large multinational company, so they had to deal with some ethical principles such as fairness, honesty, expertise and loyalty. individualized Critique of the Case.In this context, is important to point out the contradict attention life cycle c at one timept from (Wilcox, Cameron and Reber, n.d.) which has a proactive, strategic, reactive and reco actually phases, and the way the companys PR professional applied it during this situation. The proactive phase involves crisis-planning, issues tracking by creating strategy plans in ways that address the emerging issue. The strategic phase allows organizations to place itself favourably in anticipation of actions. The reactive phase occurs when the issue or conflict reaches a critical level of impact it involves the implementation of crisis management plan, cris is communication and conflict resolution. The recovery phase involves reputation management and image restoration.PR professionals at Dominos pizza implemented both the reactive and recovery phases as well(p), once the issue became critical. They initiated a crisis management plan by showing communication channels with the target audience through social media. They also implemented reputation management and image restoration when they decided to reinvent their pizza with a campaign called Pizza Turnaround by using an extensive media coverage, documentaries, promotions, advertising, etc. Once the crisis was overcome, they started implementing the proactive and strategic phases of establishing constant communication with customers through social media channels, with a strategy to pay special attention to customer feedback.ReferencesWilcox, D., Cameron, G. and Reber, B. (n.d.). Public relations.PRSA. (2009). Dominos Delivers During Crisis The Companys Step-by-Step solvent After a V ulgar Video Goes Viral. online Available at http//apps.prsa.org/Intelligence/TheStrategist/Articles/view/8226/102/Domino_s_Delivers_During_Crisis_The_Company_s_Step.WNMO7PkrLIV Accessed 23 Mar. 2017.Randallreilly.com. (2015). Dominos Pizza A Case Study in Customer Feedback Randall-Reilly. online Available at http//www.randallreilly.com/dominos-pizza-a-case-study-in-customer-feedback/ Accessed 23 Mar. 2017.Tesco and Sainsburys A Comparison of StrategiesTesco and Sainsburys A Comparison of Strategies1. IntroductionBusiness strategies are largely unique to individual championship organisations and depend upon the objectives of their primary stakeh olders, namely the share leters and the senior management. bandage these two entities are the main decision makers for the road maps followed by firms, which they exercise through formulation and stick of objectives, mission statements, and strategies, many other issues like product or service features, strengths and weaknesses of line o f business organisations, economic, legal and semipolitical environments, nature and intensity of competition, opportunities and threats, environmental and ecological needs, as well as technological advances, often play major roles in determining and implementing business strategy. Work in these areas, by management experts, have led to the development and construction of models and theories that attempt to elaborate, explain and demystify these issues. The tackling of these challenges previously depended upon the thought processes and ingenuity of business owners, and played vital roles in the successes or failures of business organisations. The work of Igor Ansoff and Michael Porter led to the enunciation of well known strategic models for growth and the Five Forces theory for abbreviation of competitiveness. These tools, as well as decision making aids like SWOT and PESTLE crumples have become commonplace in todays business scenario, and are widely used by managers all over th e world. While most growth strategies deal with marketing, other areas like production, human resource, information technology and finance also need conclusion setting, and are important to overall strategy for optimisation of organisational wealth. Total Quality Management, for example has emerged in recent days as a necessary concomitant in every strategic managers toolbox for achievement of organisational objectives. Apart from these tools, business strategies for growth and shareholder wealth appreciation are also influenced by the ethics and value systems of individual corporations while many firms chose to forsake both growth and profit big businessman for ethics, the reverse, as evinced by scams like Enron and WorldCom is equally true.every so often, companies in the same industry, and operating in the same national or global environment, adopt sharply different strategies with spectacularly divergent results. assay engines like Yahoo and Alta Vista existed for years befo re Google arrived on the scene and swept everything before it. Toyota, a Japanese car manufacturer, formed practically afterwards the end of the Second World War, entered the car market of the United States in the face of widespread scepticism, and over a few decades, orchestrated a business strategy that saw it overtake Ford, the iconic American car making giant. Among British companies, the last two decades saw the rise and rise of the retailing company, Tesco. The company varyd its down market pile them high, sell them cut-price public perception to emerge as the largest retailer in the country, first overtaking the much older market attractor Sainsburys and then proceeding to widen the gap until its market share was twice that of its erstwhile condescending rival. This assignment aims to examine and analyse the different strategies adopted by these companies, which have similar products and services, and also operate in the same environment.2. Commentary and AnalysisBusines s organisations constantly face challenges in every sphere of activity, be they in marketing, sales, production, workforce, human resource management, information technology development, or in raising and controlling finances. Many of these challenges arise from the social, political and economical environments in which organisations operate. While businesses in the UK operate in democratic and market friendly environments with institutionalised legal and financial systems, they need to conform to the stipulations laid down by numerous regulatory bodies (of the UK and the EU) and governmental organisations, and that too in almost all operating areas. Furthermore, firms with global operations have to frequently fly the coop in conformity with different environmental requirements, necessitated by dissimilar political and legal systems, or by widely divergent local, infrastructural or market conditions. Sainsburys and Tescos both entered the UK retail market, as small convenience sto res, not much different from the many such establishments that exist all over the UK. both(prenominal) organisations outgrew and outperformed other businesses in their genre to become colossal retailing chains with countrywide presences. Sainsburys, a much older firm than Tescos was the market attracter in the UK retailing sector, until 1995, when it was overtaken by Tescos.a. SainsburysJ Sainsbury, plc, is one of Britains most famous firms, represented across the country, through its chain of supermarket stores that operate under the Sainsburys brand. Apart from supermarkets, the company operates convenience stores, an net income-based basis delivery shopping service, and Sainsburys Bank. The company, originally started as a partnership in 1869, and while corporate as a private company as far back as 1922, listed on the London Stock Exchange only in 1973, in what was until then the LSEs largest stock issue. Sainsburys grew to become the UKs largest supermarket company and hav e goted its privileged position for much of the twentieth century. Tescos overtook Sainsburys in 1995, and ASDA/ Wal-Mart relegated it to third position in 2003. (J Sainsbury, 2007)While the business, in the beginning, grew organically into a chain of convenience stores, its first major strategic decision came, in 1950, with the commencement of the first self service store, in Croyden, London. This initiative was followed by change magnitude the number of self service stores, expanding the range of non food goods, opening of hyper markets, acquisition of little chains, and commencement of operations in Scotland and North Ireland. The company grew to become the countrys largest supermarket chain, fuelled by increase economic affluence, changing buying habits, customer convenience, and the ability of Sainsburys to provide a large and diverse range of products under one roof. Large Sainsburys stores typically stock 50,000 products, of which 50% are home brands. While the company gre w slowly in its initial years, real growth came only in the post war years, with the development of a strong market economy, economic prosperity, increased spending power, and customer desire for a large range of better quality goods. Sainsburys responded to this changed economic environment, by concentrating on the increasing and upwardly mobile middle class. The company refrained from taking too many risks or initiatives, possibly feeling that its reputation would enable it to grow steadily and retain market leadership. The strategy of least resistance was interspersed by a few initiatives like the introduction of Do it Yourself (DIY) products, and acquisition of chains like Bells Stores, Jacksons Stores, and JB Beaumont, which served to add to and broaden its customer base. The company has more than 750 stores today, and with a turnover in the range of 16 billion GBP, is one of UKs more successful corporates. A prima facie assessment regarding the companys response to business an d environmental challenges would tend to give credit to the companys corporate strategies in an extremely competitive business environment.This assessment would however be substantially incorrect. Even as the company continued to grow steadily, in both profits and sales, through the 1990s and into the 21st century (except for the difficult years of 2004 and 2005), it was overtaken, first by Tescos in 1995, and later by ASDA in 2003. Tescos , which had a turnover of less than 11 billion GBP in 1994 saw its sales touch 38 billion GBP in 2006 and now sells more than twice of what Sainsburys does. Very apparently, Sainsburys has committed serious errors in handling and responding to business and environmental challenges, and has yielded the high ground in supermarket retailing to jr. and possibly more effective competition.b. Tescos Growth PathTescos started off as a small one man grocery operation, in 1919, in Londons East End. It took Jack Cohen, the beer, 10 more years to start his first store, in 1929, a full 60 years after Sainsburys. The company grew organically in the initial years, spurred by Cohens hard work. In the beginning business strategy revolved around providing cheap and economical goods, (pile them high, sell them cheap) espousal of trading stamps to induce customers, and relentless opening of spic-and-span stores. Strategies, broadly similar to those followed by Sainsburys in the post war years led Cohen to open Tescos first self service store in 1947, and the first supermarket in 1956. In retrospect, Cohens better collar of the demands and changing moods of customers is possibly evinced by his decision to open his self service store, a full three years earlier than Sainsburys.When Cohen resigned, in 1977, the company had achieved epochal growth and traction but was still much behind Sainsburys, both in size and reputation. The years that followed Cohens handing over of Tescos leadership were tag by strategic swings designed to take the com pany away from its image of a purveyor of cheap and low quality goods. This period saw the management give an aggressive campaign for market share, a multi dimensional effort that involved (a) rapid expansion of stores, (b) acquisition of medium sized supermarket chains, (c) entry and consolidation in a number of foreign markets, (d) large scale expansion of non food products, (e) opening of a number of hypermarkets, (f) introduction of loyalty cards, and (g) exploitation of online markets. The company assessed the lively national and global environment and felt that it would be able to work towards significant increases in sales and profitability and make it into a global leader from its status of a lowly down market UK based retailer. These strategies, combined with effective systems and operational implementation, enabled Tescos to power past Sainsburys, the British market leader, and establish itself as the third largest retailer in Europe. With sales of 38 billion GBP and 2 b illion GBP in profits, Tesco is today the undisputed market leader, way before of both Sainsburys and ASDA. It played for glory and won hands down. (Pringle and Cohen, 2007)c. Management of Environmental ConditionsIn the early 1960s, Cohen lobbied Parliament to have the Retail Price attention (RPM) act abolished, efforts supported by Edward Heath. The RPM allowed manufacturers and suppliers to set the price of goods thus preventing large retailers, who could buy in bulk and had greater buying power, from benefiting from economies of scale and undercutting the prices of small shops. To get around this, Tesco offered another incentive to get customers through the doors Green Shield Stamps. These were collected by customers when they spent money in the store, and were then traded for goods in a catalogue. An effective discount (Tesco, a corporate profile, 2004)This extract serves to illustrate Tescos response to environmental challenges and the many innovative ways the company foun d to constantly improve customer value. The emergence of Thatcherism, in the 80s, coupled with the break up of the Soviet Union, the consolidation of a unipolar world, sharp improvements in internet technology, and the commencement of globalisation, created a number of opportunities that Tesco was quick to spot, grab, and exploit. The company closed down 500 stores, revamped and modernised hundreds of others. Store formats like Tesco, Tesco Express, Tesco Metro, and One Stop, catered to distinct sizes, products, and locations, and ranged from small roadway corner shops to huge all comprehensive supermarkets. The company was quick to realise that its image as a purveyor of cheap products, with its perceived down market connotations, would not help growth in a society that was rapidly becoming richer, and did not hesitate to close down its coupon scheme. In a brilliant segmentation exercise, the company created three product categories, good, better, and best, across most of its pr oduct lines. While this enabled customers to access different price ranges, it also allowed the company to access an inclusive and huge market. Sainsburys, which had traditionally catered to the middle class clientele with zealously protected margins, tried to enlarge its product base, but was unable to make any headway, because of its lesser supplier base and inferior logistical capability. (Pringle and Gordon, 2007)Tescos introduced customer loyalty cards in 1995. While it took Sainsbury some time to catch up with the idea, the two companies used it for widely divergent aims. Even as Sainsburys used the cards primarily to drive repeat visits and purchases, Tescos processed the information feedback from the loyalty card customers, to assess customer demands and needs, and keep on adding to its product range. The company also foresaw the potential of the internet and globalisation, and established profitable online sales channels, as well as successful overseas forays. Tescos intern ational business now accounts for nearly 25% of company sales, and the immediate priority is to drive it up to 50% of company revenue. Apart from maintaining strong market leadership, Tesco is now focussing on two major areas that are propelling the companys growth and increasing the gap between the company and its competitors. Its aggressive growth in the non-foods market means that it is possibly selling more clothes than Next and more wellness and beauty products than all the others put together. (Hunter, 2006) The company has set up base in numerous countries in Europe and Asia and should soon have a significant presence in the USA. Indeed, some 60% of Tescos floor space is now based outside of the UK. (Hunter, 2006) Sainsburys, on the other hand has been too finicky handling its inadequate stocking mechanism, half empty shelves, and falling market share, to be able to pay much attention to new thrust areas, and opportunities, made getable by changes in environmental condition s and advances in technology. (Tesco, a corporate profile, 2004)3. ConclusionWhile this analysis does not intend to eulogise Tescos management practices, or its planned and meticulous exploitation of available opportunities, the stark difference in the working of Tescos and Sainsburys tend to make any comparative analysis of strategy, and management practice, enormously one sided. Even as Tesco was using feedback from its loyalty card scheme to add enormously to its product range, Sainsburys was trying to adamantly protect its margins and cutting down on service quality, practices that inevitably led to further customer dissatisfaction and loss of market share. It was not until 2004, a full 9 years after Tesco overtook it, that the company realised that its major problem lay in under stocked shelves, inadequate logistics and poor supply chain management. While Sainsburys strategy come forwarded to be one of risk avoidance and slow growth, in reality it proved to be akin to that of an ostrich in the face of danger. The company however still remains a respected and successful retailer. Recent initiatives, taken after a change in top management, have seen a priority shift and led to revived sales, reduced costs and improved profitability. The company has its heart in the right place and contributes a much higher percentage of its post tax profit to charity than Tesco.The tremendous success of Tesco, in assessing customer needs and environmental opportunities, came about because of a new aggression that evinced itself after the departure of jack Cohen and is an indicator of the possibilities that exist for Sainsbury. The fact that Tesco lagged behind Sainsburys until 1995 is proof of the levels to which Sainsbury can aspire without being impractically optimistic. Sainsburys has a number of strengths, namely its goodwill in the UK market, access to enormous amount of shop space and property that have been built up over the years, very strong domain knowledge in th e retailing business, and adequate capital resources. The company has also become active in the online segment, the fastest growing market segment in the retailing market. It however definitely needs to scan the environment constantly, look for new opportunities, upgrade technology, and be more fleet pick in responding to opportunities and challenges.Both the companies have seen rapid departures from existing strategies after changes in top level management. Strange as it may appear, changes in management appear to have been critical to Tesco seeing opportunities that were not explored earlier. Sainsburys too has commenced implementation of measures that should have logically been done much earlier, only after a change of guard at the top. The solution to the paradox possibly lies in realising that management theories, practices and strategies, in most cases, become relevant only if the CEO thinks them fit. The boss is the key.Bibliography annual report and Financial Statements, 20 06, J Sainsbury plc, Retrieved April 3, 2007 from www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/ar06/fullfinancials/notestofinancialstatements5.shtmlAnnual Review and Summary Financial Statements, 2006, J Sainsbury plc, Retrieved April 3, 2007 from www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/ar06/summaryfinancialsCavazza, M, 2007, Sainsburys bid is very close, thisismoney.co.uk., Retrieved April 3, 2007 from www.thisismoney.co.uk/investing-and-markets/article.html?in_article_id=418580in_page_id=3Cole, R, 2007, Sainsburys progress offers reason to hold even if no bid comes, Times Online, Retrieved April 3, 2007 from business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/retailingHunter, H, 2006, Revolution in the British aisles why Tesco will continue to rule the roost, msn.money, Retrieved April 3, 2007 from money.uk.msn.com/Investing/ sharpness/Special_Features/Markets_Comment/article.aspx?cp-documentid=1054991J Sainsbury, 2007, Wikipedia, Retrieved April 3, 2007 from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_SainsburyJordan, D, 2007, Tchengu iz adds to Sainsbury stake, Times Online, Retrieved April 3, 2007 from business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/retailing/article1578864.ece 2 Apr 2007Pringle, H, and Gordon, W, 2007, The Tesco Story, customerserviceworld.com., Retrieved May 27, 2007 from www.ecustomerserviceworld.com/earticlesstore_articles.asp?type=articleidTesco, 2007, Retrieved May 25, 2007 from www.tescocorporate.com/page.aspx?pointerid=A8E0E60508F94A8DBA909E2ABB5F2CC7Tesco,A corporate profile, 2004, Corporate watch, Retrieved May 27, 2007 from www.corporatewatch.org.uk/?bid=28

Arc-Surface Intersection Method

Arc-Surface Intersection Method

Fragile Families Essay -- Article Review, Family Policy

Fragile Families Articles and How They Contribute to Family PolicyThis paper will review two articles pertaining to fragile families and respect how they help contribute to family polity. Fragile families are very pertinent to the core of family policy. In the 1990s the term fragile families originated out of a need to recognise families not fitting into the traditional married unmarried couples with children (McLanahan, Garfinkel, Mincy, & Donahue, 2010). Over a 60 year period non-marital births of children increased significantly. In 1940, 4% of children born were to non-married parents. However, by 2007 this number reached a high of 40%. These families can be compromised of cohabitating couples, non-cohabitating couples, or single mothers (Kalil & Ryan, 2010). They are deemed fragile because they are more likely to experience difficulties economically and relationship wise. They tend to be more impoverished, experience material hardship, and have absent fathers. More importan tly fragile families are of great concern because they practically lack stability as a family unit. Yet, fragile families have become one of the new family types and seem to be a permanent structure steadily on the rise. Bogenschneider (2006) stated that one of the main underlying issues of the family policy debate is the conflicting ideas of families (types). These conflicts are evident when you look at the 3 perspectives with regard to family policy Concerned, Sanguine, and Impatient. This is why there has been increased focus on this new type of family. One of the issues that need be assessed with regard to fragile families is mothers economic conditions and their support systems. (McLanahan et al., 2010).Kalil and Ryan (2010), talk of mot... ... Craigie, and Gunn, 2010). Second, address factors that place the child at risk such as a lack of parent involvement. Third, directly address childrens risk through and through early child hood education amongst other things. There are also policy changes that can be implemented with regard to mothers economic plights and the resources usable to them. There should be a strengthening of community based programs that aid mothers and a focus on them working efficiently (Kalil & Ryan, 2010). Safety nets provided in the get up of things such as food stamps need to be strengthened as well. Policies should support these resources and have an ultimate goal of economic self sufficiency for mothers in fragile families. The issues presented allow policy makers to be well informed of the possible risks associate with fragile families and the issues they face, especially economically.

Essay --

1)Name Of The SystemNR Registration System (Non-Resident Registration System) UITM.2)Summary Of The SystemNR accommodation system or screwing be call out as non-resident registration system is the system that give the student outside the campus the easier way to tiller registration for the non-resident student. Until now, the UITM only use the manual system to make the NR registration. Student need to come to the campus and fill their information in the NR registration form. The process exit take a lot of time. More ever, if the day of registration is rainy, the student that uses motorcycle cannot come to the registration. If UITM use the NR registration system, student doesnt have to come to the campus but only make the registration in the online system. It can make the process of registration is more easy, and can be completed in short time. 3)Problem DescriptionUiTM Machang campus is a large campus and accommodates more students. This will cause the registration of non-reside nt students will be crowded and congested. Students who come to register at the registration day will ...